NAVIGATE:
Pronation External Rotation

Hallmark:
- Spiral fracture of the fibula ABOVE the syndesmosis

Stage I
- Rupture of the deltoid ligament OR
- Fracture of the medial malleolous

Stage II
- Rupture of the anterior syndesmosis including the interosseous membrane with or without fracture

Stage III
- Fracture of the fibula ABOVE the syndesmosis

Stage IV
- Rupture of the posterior tibio-fibular ligament OR
- Fracture of the posterior malleolous

Maisonneuve fracture

Short, spiral fracture
Maisonneuve fractures only account for <25% of all the PER injuries.

Fracture is routinely missed because we rarely order long leg xrays.

The fracture may not be tender initially, so don't be fooled by a negative squeeze test.

These fractures never need to be fixated, because the fracture is protected by so much muscle mass.

Typical midshaft fracture

Often these fractures will have butterfly fragments or be comminuted

Syndesmotic screw not necessary in this case

Avoid plating when fracture is midshaft or higher

That's a long plate!

That is a nice butterfly fragment

Worst dislocations of all the fracture patterns

Often see significant cartilage damage within the joint

Fix the medial malleolar fracture first to help determine fibular length